Match

Why Use match?

• It provides a concise and readable way to compare a variable against multiple values.
• Eliminates repetitive conditions seen in long if-elif-else blocks.
• Enhances code clarity and reduces verbosity.
• Performs direct value matching without needing expressions like num == 1.
• Supports a fallback case using case _:, which behaves like an else or default clause.

Syntax of Match-Case

match variable:
    case value1:
        # statements
    case value2:
        # statements
    case _:
        # default case

Example: Number to Word Conversion

num = 3

match num:
    case 1:
        print("One")
    case 2:
        print("Two")
    case 3:
        print("Three")
    case 4:
        print("Four")
    case 5:
        print("Five")
    case _:
        print("Incorrect")

Output

Three

• Only the matching case executes.
• The case _: block handles all unmatched values (default case).

Comparison With if-elif-else

Key Advantages of Match

• Provides a much cleaner alternative to long or deeply nested if-elif-else structures.
• Best suited for direct value comparisons such as menu selections, status checks, and enum-like options.
• case _ serves as the default fallback, handling any unmatched values.
• Offers better readability, maintainability, and scalability when dealing with large sets of conditions.

Summary

• match offers a cleaner and modern alternative to long if-elif chains, making code easier to read and maintain.
• It enables direct and structured value matching, improving clarity in decision-making logic.
• case _ acts as the default fallback, handling all unmatched values gracefully.
• Reduces boilerplate and enhances code organization, especially in programs with many condition checks.