Tuple and Set in Python

1. Tuples

A tuple is an ordered collection of elements, similar to a list, but unlike lists, tuples are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed after creation.

Creating a Tuple:

tup = (21, 36, 14, 25)
print(tup)
# Output: (21, 36, 14, 25)

Accessing Elements:

print(tup[1])
# Output: 36

Immutability:

tup[1] = 33
# TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

Tuple Method (count):

count(element) – Returns the number of occurrences of an element in the tuple.

tup = (5, 2, 5, 7)
print(tup.count(5))
# Output: 2

Iteration

Iterating over tuples is faster than lists, making them suitable for scenarios where performance is critical and data should remain constant.

When to use Tuples

• When you need an ordered collection of elements that should not be changed.
• When iteration speed is important, as tuples are more efficient than lists.

2. Sets

A set is a collection of unique elements that is unordered. Sets do not allow duplicates and do not maintain the sequence of elements.

Creating a Set:

s = {22, 25, 14, 21, 5}
print(s)
# Output: {5, 21, 22, 25, 14}  # Order may vary

Duplicate Elements:

s = {25, 14, 98, 63, 75, 98}
print(s)
# Output: {98, 25, 75, 14, 63}

Properties of Sets

• Unordered: Elements do not maintain the sequence.
• Unique Elements: No duplicates allowed.
• Indexing Not Supported:

s[2]
# TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable

• Hash-Based: Sets use hashing for fast access and efficient performance.
• Mutability: While the set itself is mutable (you can add or remove elements), you cannot change a specific element because there is no indexing.

When to use Sets

• When you need a collection of unique elements.
• When the order of elements does not matter.